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the Swedish government

  • 1 svedese

    1. m noun adj Swedish
    2. m f Swede
    * * *
    svedese agg. Swedish
    ◆ s.m.
    1 Swede
    2 ( lingua) (the) Swedish (language)
    3 ( fiammifero) safety match
    ◆ s.f. Swede.
    * * *
    [zve'dese]
    1. agg
    1) (della Svezia) Swedish
    2)
    2. sm/f
    3. sm
    (lingua) Swedish
    * * *
    [zve'dese] 1.
    aggettivo Swedish
    2.
    sostantivo maschile e sostantivo femminile Swede
    3.
    sostantivo maschile (lingua) Swedish
    * * *
    svedese
    /zve'dese/ ⇒ 25, 16
     Swedish
    II m. e f.
     Swede; gli -i the Swedish
    III sostantivo m.
      (lingua) Swedish.

    Dizionario Italiano-Inglese > svedese

  • 2 svedese

    [zve'dese]
    1. agg
    1) (della Svezia) Swedish
    2)
    2. sm/f
    3. sm
    (lingua) Swedish

    Nuovo dizionario Italiano-Inglese > svedese

  • 3 Guericke, Otto von

    [br]
    b. 20 November 1602 Magdeburg, Saxony, Germany
    d. 11 May 1686 Hamburg, Germany
    [br]
    German engineer and physicist, inventor of the air pump and investigator of the properties of a vacuum.
    [br]
    Guericke was born into a patrician family in Magdeburg. He was educated at the University of Leipzig in 1617–20 and at the University of Helmstedt in 1620. He then spent two years studying law at Jena, and in 1622 went to Leiden to study law, mathematics, engineering and especially fortification. He spent most of his life in politics, for he was elected an alderman of Magdeburg in 1626. After the destruction of Magdeburg in 1631, he worked in Brunswick and Erfurt as an engineer for the Swedish government, and then in 1635 for the Electorate of Saxony. He was Mayor of Magdeburg for thirty years, between 1646 and 1676. He was ennobled in 1666 and retired from public office in 168land went to Hamburg. It was through his attendances at international congresses and at princely courts that he took part in the exchange of scientific ideas.
    From his student days he was concerned with the definition of space and posed three questions: can empty space exist or is space always filled? How can heavenly bodies affect each other across space and how are they moved? Is space, and so also the heavenly bodies, bounded or unbounded? In c. 1647 Guericke made a suction pump for air and tried to exhaust a beer barrel, but he could not stop the leaks. He then tried a copper sphere, which imploded. He developed a series of spectacular demonstrations with his air pump. In 1654 at Rattisbon he used a vertical cylinder with a well-fitting piston connected over pulleys by a rope to fifty men, who could not stop the piston descending when the cylinder was exhausted. More famous were his copper hemispheres which, when exhausted, could not be drawn apart by two teams of eight horses. They were first demonstrated at Magdeburg in 1657 and at the court in Berlin in 1663. Through these experiments he discovered the elasticity of air and began to investigate its density at different heights. He heard of the work of Torricelli in 1653 and by 1660 had succeeded in making barometric forecasts. He published his famous work New Experiments Concerning Empty Space in 1672. Between 1660 and 1663 Guericke constructed a large ball of sulphur that could be rotated on a spindle. He found that, when he pressed his hand on it and it was rotated, it became strongly electrified; he thus unintentionally became the inventor of the first machine to generate static electricity. He attempted to reach a complete physical explanation of the world and the heavens with magnetism as a primary force and evolved an explanation for the rotation of the heavenly bodies.
    [br]
    Bibliography
    1672, Experimenta nova (ut vocantur) Magdeburgica de vacuo spatio (New Experiments Concerning Empty Space).
    Further Reading
    F.W.Hoffmann, 1874, Otto von Guericke (a full biography).
    T.I.Williams (ed.), 1969, A Biographical Dictionary of Scientists, London: A. \& C.Black (contains a short account of his life).
    Chambers Concise Dictionary of Scientists, 1989, Cambridge.
    Dictionary of Scientific Biography, Vol. V, New York.
    C.Singer (ed.), 1957, A History of Technology, Vols. III and IV, Oxford University Press (includes references to Guericke's inventions).
    RLH

    Biographical history of technology > Guericke, Otto von

  • 4 принадлежать

    Принадлежать - to belong to; to be owned by (об оборудовании и т.п.) Принадлежать на 50 %-- Svenskt Stal is 50 % owned by the Swedish government.

    Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > принадлежать

  • 5 valtioneuvoston ruotsinkielinen lautakunta

    • Government Board for the Swedish Language

    Suomi-Englanti sanakirja > valtioneuvoston ruotsinkielinen lautakunta

  • 6 Scheutz, George

    [br]
    b. 23 September 1785 Jonkoping, Sweden
    d. 27 May 1873 Stockholm, Sweden
    [br]
    Swedish lawyer, journalist and self-taught engineer who, with his son Edvard Raphael Scheutz (b. 13 September 1821 Stockholm, Sweden; d. 28 January 1881 Stockholm, Sweden) constructed a version of the Babbage Difference Engine.
    [br]
    After early education at the Jonkoping elementary school and the Weixo Gymnasium, George Scheutz entered the University of Lund, gaining a degree in law in 1805. Following five years' legal work, he moved to Stockholm in 1811 to work at the Supreme Court and, in 1814, as a military auditor. In 1816, he resigned, bought a printing business and became editor of a succession of industrial and technical journals, during which time he made inventions relating to the press. It was in 1830 that he learned from the Edinburgh Review of Babbage's ideas for a difference engine and started to make one from wood, pasteboard and wire. In 1837 his 15-yearold student son, Edvard Raphael Scheutz, offered to make it in metal, and by 1840 they had a working machine with two five-digit registers, which they increased the following year and then added a printer. Obtaining a government grant in 1851, by 1853 they had a fully working machine, now known as Swedish Difference Engine No. 1, which with an experienced operator could generate 120 lines of tables per hour and was used to calculate the logarithms of the numbers 1 to 10,000 in under eighty hours. This was exhibited in London and then at the Paris Great Exhibition, where it won the Gold Medal. It was subsequently sold to the Dudley Observatory in Albany, New York, for US$5,000 and is now in a Chicago museum.
    In England, the British Registrar-General, wishing to produce new tables for insurance companies, and supported by the Astronomer Royal, arranged for government finance for construction of a second machine (Swedish Difference Engine No. 2). Comprising over 1,000 working parts and weighing 1,000 lb (450 kg), this machine was used to calculate over 600 tables. It is now in the Science Museum.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Member of the Swedish Academy of Sciences, Paris Exhibition Medal of Honour (jointly with Edvard) 1856. Annual pension of 1,200 marks per annum awarded by King Carl XV 1860.
    Bibliography
    1825, "Kranpunpar. George Scheutz's patent of 14 Nov 1825", Journal for Manufacturer och Hushallning 8.
    ellemême, Stockholm.
    Further Reading
    R.C.Archibald, 1947, "P.G.Scheutz, publicist, author, scientific mechanic and Edvard Scheutz, engineer. Biography and Bibliography", MTAC 238.
    U.C.Merzbach, 1977, "George Scheutz and the first printing calculator", Smithsonian
    Studies in History and Technology 36:73.
    M.Lindgren, 1990, Glory and Failure (the Difference Engines of Johan Muller, Charles Babbage and George \& Edvard Scheutz), Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
    KF

    Biographical history of technology > Scheutz, George

  • 7 sublevación

    f.
    1 revolt, uprising.
    2 subversion, rebellion.
    * * *
    1 uprising, revolt, rebellion
    * * *
    noun f.
    * * *
    SF (=motín) [de rebeldes, ciudadanos] revolt, uprising; [de militares] mutiny; [de presos] riot
    * * *
    femenino uprising, revolt, rebellion
    * * *
    = revolt, insurgency, uprising, insurgence, rising, rebellion, insurrection.
    Ex. But the building plans were nearly jeopardised several times in a politically charged atmosphere that led to a tax-payer revolt in California.
    Ex. With changing political circumstances there is an increased likelihood of low-intensity conflicts which may take the form of guerrilla warfare, coups d'etat, ethnic violence, terrorism, resistance movements or insurgency.
    Ex. The author describes the destruction and dispersal of the contents of the Hanlin library in Beijing during the uprising in 1900, when the Western government diplomatic offices came under siege by the Chinese government.
    Ex. Dickens's own outrage over the conditions of the poor in Britian conflicted with his revulsion at the criminal underworld & his fear of popular insurgence.
    Ex. Somalis did not accept their subjugation meekly and a fierce rising was led by a religious leader and poet.
    Ex. While Danish librarians used the 68 rebellion to improve their working conditions, Swedish colleagues changed library services.
    Ex. Mrs Thatcher went on to win two more elections while defeating the organised insurrection of the miners' union.
    * * *
    femenino uprising, revolt, rebellion
    * * *
    = revolt, insurgency, uprising, insurgence, rising, rebellion, insurrection.

    Ex: But the building plans were nearly jeopardised several times in a politically charged atmosphere that led to a tax-payer revolt in California.

    Ex: With changing political circumstances there is an increased likelihood of low-intensity conflicts which may take the form of guerrilla warfare, coups d'etat, ethnic violence, terrorism, resistance movements or insurgency.
    Ex: The author describes the destruction and dispersal of the contents of the Hanlin library in Beijing during the uprising in 1900, when the Western government diplomatic offices came under siege by the Chinese government.
    Ex: Dickens's own outrage over the conditions of the poor in Britian conflicted with his revulsion at the criminal underworld & his fear of popular insurgence.
    Ex: Somalis did not accept their subjugation meekly and a fierce rising was led by a religious leader and poet.
    Ex: While Danish librarians used the 68 rebellion to improve their working conditions, Swedish colleagues changed library services.
    Ex: Mrs Thatcher went on to win two more elections while defeating the organised insurrection of the miners' union.

    * * *
    uprising, revolt, rebellion
    * * *

    sublevación, sublevamiento sustantivo femenino rebellion, uprising
    ' sublevación' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    cabecilla
    - sublevamiento
    - levantamiento
    English:
    revolt
    - rising
    * * *
    uprising
    * * *
    f uprising, rebellion, revolt
    * * *
    sublevación nf, pl - ciones alzamiento: uprising, rebellion

    Spanish-English dictionary > sublevación

  • 8 sublevamiento

    1 uprising, revolt, rebellion
    * * *
    = rebellion, uprising.
    Ex. While Danish librarians used the 68 rebellion to improve their working conditions, Swedish colleagues changed library services.
    Ex. The author describes the destruction and dispersal of the contents of the Hanlin library in Beijing during the uprising in 1900, when the Western government diplomatic offices came under siege by the Chinese government.
    * * *
    = rebellion, uprising.

    Ex: While Danish librarians used the 68 rebellion to improve their working conditions, Swedish colleagues changed library services.

    Ex: The author describes the destruction and dispersal of the contents of the Hanlin library in Beijing during the uprising in 1900, when the Western government diplomatic offices came under siege by the Chinese government.

    * * *

    sublevación, sublevamiento sustantivo femenino rebellion, uprising
    ' sublevamiento' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    sublevación
    * * *
    m uprising, rebellion, revolt

    Spanish-English dictionary > sublevamiento

  • 9 renverser

    renverser [ʀɑ̃vεʀse]
    ➭ TABLE 1
    1. transitive verb
       a. ( = faire tomber) [+ personne, chaise] [+ vase, bouteille] to knock over ; [+ liquide] to spill ; [+ piéton] to run over
       b. ( = mettre à l'envers) to turn upside down
       c. [+ obstacle] to knock down ; [+ ordre établi, tradition, royauté] to overthrow ; [+ ministre] to remove from office
       e. [+ ordre des mots, courant] to reverse
    • renverser la vapeur [bateau] to go astern ; (figurative) to change tack
       f. ( = étonner) (inf) to stagger
    2. reflexive verb
       a.
       b. [voiture, camion] to overturn ; [bateau] to capsize ; [verre, vase] to fall over
    * * *
    ʀɑ̃vɛʀse
    1.
    1) ( faire tomber) to knock over [personne, meuble, bouteille]; [automobiliste, véhicule] to knock down [piéton, cycliste]; [manifestants] to topple [statue]; to overturn [voiture]; [vague] to overturn [bateau]
    2) ( répandre) to spill [liquide, contenu]
    3) ( mettre à l'envers) to turn [something] upside down [sablier, flacon]
    4) ( pencher)

    renverser la tête en arrière — to tip ou tilt one's head back

    5) ( inverser) to reverse [ordre, situation, rôles]; Physique to invert, to reverse [image]; Électrotechnique to reverse [courant]
    6) Politique ( mettre fin à) ( par la force) to overthrow, to topple [régime, dirigeant]; ( par un vote) to vote [somebody/something] out of office [dirigeant, gouvernement]
    7) (colloq) ( stupéfier) [événement, nouvelle] to stagger, to astound [personne]

    2.
    se renverser verbe pronominal [véhicule] to overturn; [bateau] to capsize; [objet, bouteille] to fall over; [liquide, contenu] to spill
    * * *
    ʀɑ̃vɛʀse vt
    1) (= faire tomber) [chaise, verre] to knock over, to overturn, [liquide, contenu] to spill, to upset

    J'ai renversé mon verre. — I knocked my glass over.

    Il a renversé de l'eau partout. — He has spilt water everywhere.

    2) [piéton] to knock down

    Elle a été renversée par une voiture. — She was knocked down by a car.

    3) [gouvernement] to overthrow
    4) (= pencher)
    5)
    6) (= stupéfier) to bowl over, to stagger
    * * *
    renverser verb table: aimer
    A vtr
    1 ( faire tomber) to knock over [meuble, bouteille, vase, seau]; [automobiliste, véhicule] to knock down, to run over [piéton, cycliste]; [manifestants] to topple [statue]; [manifestants, vandales] to overturn [voiture]; [vague] to overturn [bateau]; il courait sans regarder devant lui et a renversé une vieille dame he was running without looking where he was going and knocked over an old lady;
    2 ( répandre) to spill [liquide, contenu]; renverser du vin sur la moquette to spill wine on the carpet; il m'a renversé du jus sur la manche he spilled some juice on my sleeve;
    3 ( mettre à l'envers) to turn [sth] upside down [sablier, flacon];
    4 ( pencher) renverser la tête en arrière to tip ou tilt one's head back; renverser le buste en arrière to lean back;
    5 ( inverser) to reverse [termes, ordre, situation, rôles, tendance]; Phys to invert, to reverse [image]; Math to invert [fraction]; Électrotech to reverse [courant];
    6 Pol ( mettre fin à) ( par la force) to overthrow, to topple [régime, gouvernement, dirigeant]; ( par un vote) to vote [sth] out of office [gouvernement, dirigeant, ministère];
    7 ○( stupéfier) [événement, nouvelle] to stagger, to astound [personne]; il avait l'air renversé par la nouvelle he seemed staggered by the news.
    B se renverser vpr [véhicule] to overturn; [bateau] to capsize; [objet, bouteille] to fall over; [liquide, contenu] to spill.
    [rɑ̃vɛrse] verbe transitif
    1. [répandre - liquide] to spill
    [faire tomber - bouteille, casserole] to spill, to knock over (separable), to upset ; [ - table, voiture] to overturn
    [retourner exprès] to turn upside down
    2. [faire tomber - personne] to knock down (separable)
    se faire renverser par une voiture to get ou be knocked over by a car
    3. [inverser] to reverse
    le Suédois renversa la situation au cours du troisième set the Swedish player managed to turn the situation round during the third set
    4. [détruire - obstacle] to overcome ; [ - valeurs] to overthrow ; [ - régime] to overthrow, to topple
    a. [par la force] to overthrow ou to topple a government
    b. [par un vote] to bring down ou to topple a government
    5. [incliner en arrière] to tilt ou to tip back (separable)
    6. [stupéfier] to amaze, to astound
    ————————
    se renverser verbe pronominal intransitif
    1. [bouteille] to fall over
    [liquide] to spill
    [véhicule] to overturn
    [marée] to turn

    Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > renverser

  • 10 Smith, Sir Francis Pettit

    SUBJECT AREA: Ports and shipping
    [br]
    b. 9 February 1808 Copperhurst Farm, near Hythe, Kent, England
    d. 12 February 1874 South Kensington, London, England
    [br]
    English inventor of the screw propeller.
    [br]
    Smith was the only son of Charles Smith, Postmaster at Hythe, and his wife Sarah (née Pettit). After education at a private school in Ashford, Kent, he took to farming, first on Romney Marsh, then at Hendon, Middlesex. As a boy, he showed much skill in the construction of model boats, especially in devising their means of propulsion. He maintained this interest into adult life and in 1835 he made a model propelled by a screw driven by a spring. This worked so well that he became convinced that the screw propeller offered a better method of propulsion than the paddle wheels that were then in general use. This notion so fired his enthusiasm that he virtually gave up farming to devote himself to perfecting his invention. The following year he produced a better model, which he successfully demonstrated to friends on his farm at Hendon and afterwards to the public at the Adelaide Gallery in London. On 31 May 1836 Smith was granted a patent for the propulsion of vessels by means of a screw.
    The idea of screw propulsion was not new, however, for it had been mooted as early as the seventeenth century and since then several proposals had been advanced, but without successful practical application. Indeed, simultaneously but quite independently of Smith, the Swedish engineer John Ericsson had invented the ship's propeller and obtained a patent on 13 July 1836, just weeks after Smith. But Smith was completely unaware of this and pursued his own device in the belief that he was the sole inventor.
    With some financial and technical backing, Smith was able to construct a 10 ton boat driven by a screw and powered by a steam engine of about 6 hp (4.5 kW). After showing it off to the public, Smith tried it out at sea, from Ramsgate round to Dover and Hythe, returning in stormy weather. The screw performed well in both calm and rough water. The engineering world seemed opposed to the new method of propulsion, but the Admiralty gave cautious encouragement in 1839 by ordering that the 237 ton Archimedes be equipped with a screw. It showed itself superior to the Vulcan, one of the fastest paddle-driven ships in the Navy. The ship was put through its paces in several ports, including Bristol, where Isambard Kingdom Brunel was constructing his Great Britain, the first large iron ocean-going vessel. Brunel was so impressed that he adapted his ship for screw propulsion.
    Meanwhile, in spite of favourable reports, the Admiralty were dragging their feet and ordered further trials, fitting Smith's four-bladed propeller to the Rattler, then under construction and completed in 1844. The trials were a complete success and propelled their lordships of the Admiralty to a decision to equip twenty ships with screw propulsion, under Smith's supervision.
    At last the superiority of screw propulsion was generally accepted and virtually universally adopted. Yet Smith gained little financial reward for his invention and in 1850 he retired to Guernsey to resume his farming life. In 1860 financial pressures compelled him to accept the position of Curator of Patent Models at the Patent Museum in South Kensington, London, a post he held until his death. Belated recognition by the Government, then headed by Lord Palmerston, came in 1855 with the grant of an annual pension of £200. Two years later Smith received unofficial recognition when he was presented with a national testimonial, consisting of a service of plate and nearly £3,000 in cash subscribed largely by the shipbuilding and engineering community. Finally, in 1871 Smith was honoured with a knighthood.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Knighted 1871.
    Further Reading
    Obituary, 1874, Illustrated London News (7 February).
    1856, On the Invention and Progress of the Screw Propeller, London (provides biographical details).
    Smith and his invention are referred to in papers in Transactions of the Newcomen Society, 14 (1934): 9; 19 (1939): 145–8, 155–7, 161–4, 237–9.
    LRD

    Biographical history of technology > Smith, Sir Francis Pettit

  • 11 Ericsson, John

    [br]
    b. 31 July 1803 Farnebo, Sweden
    d. 8 March 1899 New York, USA
    [br]
    Swedish (naturalized American 1848) engineer and inventor.
    [br]
    The son of a mine owner and inspector, Ericsson's first education was private and haphazard. War with Russia disrupted the mines and the father secured a position on the Gotha Canal, then under construction. He enrolled John, then aged 13, and another son as cadets in a corps of military engineers engaged on the canal. There John was given a sound education and training in the physical sciences and engineering. At the age of 17 he decided to enlist in the Army, and on receiving a commission he was drafted to cartographic survey duties. After some years he decided that a career outside the Army offered him the best opportunities, and in 1826 he moved to London to pursue a career of mechanical invention.
    Ericsson first developed a heat (external combustion) engine, which proved unsuccessful. Three years later he designed and constructed the steam locomotive Novelty, which he entered in the Rainhill locomotive trials on the new Liverpool \& Manchester Railway. The engine began by performing promisingly, but it later broke down and failed to complete the test runs. Later he devised a self-regulating lead (1835) and then, more important and successful, he invented the screw propeller, patented in 1835 and installed in his first screw-propelled ship of 1839. This work was carried out independently of Sir Francis Pettit Smith, who contemporaneously developed a four-bladed propeller that was adopted by the British Admiralty. Ericsson saw that with screw propulsion the engine could be below the waterline, a distinct advantage in warships. He crossed the Atlantic to interest the American government in his ideas and became a naturalized citizen in 1848. He pioneered the gun turret for mounting heavy guns on board ship. Ericsson came into his own during the American Civil War, with the construction of the epoch-making warship Monitor, a screw-propelled ironclad with gun turret. This vessel demonstrated its powers in a signal victory at Hampton Roads on 9 March 1862.
    Ericsson continued to design warships and torpedoes, pointing out to President Lincoln that success in war would now depend on technological rather than numerical superiority. Meanwhile he continued to pursue his interest in heat engines, and from 1870 to 1888 he spent much of his time and resources in pursuing research into alternative energy sources, such as solar power, gravitation and tidal forces.
    [br]
    Further Reading
    W.C.Church, 1891, Life of John Ericsson, 2 vols, London.
    LRD

    Biographical history of technology > Ericsson, John

  • 12 Nobel, Alfred Bernhard

    [br]
    b. 21 October 1833 Stockholm, Sweden
    d. 10 December 1896 San Remo, Italy
    [br]
    Swedish industrialist, inventor of dynamite, founder of the Nobel Prizes.
    [br]
    Alfred's father, Immanuel Nobel, builder, industrialist and inventor, encouraged his sons to follow his example of inventiveness. Alfred's education was interrupted when the family moved to St Petersburg, but was continued privately and was followed by a period of travel. He thus acquired a good knowledge of chemistry and became an excellent linguist.
    During the Crimean War, Nobel worked for his father's firm in supplying war materials. The cancellation of agreements with the Russian Government at the end of the war bankrupted the firm, but Alfred and his brother Immanuel continued their interest in explosives, working on improved methods of making nitroglycerine. In 1863 Nobel patented his first major invention, a detonator that introduced the principle of detonation by shock, by using a small charge of nitroglycerine in a metal cap with detonating or fulminating mercury. Two years later Nobel set up the world's first nitroglycerine factory in an isolated area outside Stockholm. This led to several other plants and improved methods for making and handling the explosive. Yet Nobel remained aware of the dangers of liquid nitroglycerine, and after many experiments he was able in 1867 to take out a patent for dynamite, a safe, solid and pliable form of nitroglycerine, mixed with kieselguhr. At last, nitroglycerine, discovered by Sobrero in 1847, had been transformed into a useful explosive; Nobel began to promote a worldwide industry for its manufacture. Dynamite still had disadvantages, and Nobel continued his researches until, in 1875, he achieved blasting gelatin, a colloidal solution of nitrocellulose (gun cotton) in nitroglycerine. In many ways it proved to be the ideal explosive, more powerful than nitroglycerine alone, less sensitive to shock and resistant to moisture. It was variously called Nobel's Extra Dynamite, blasting gelatin and gelignite. It immediately went into production.
    Next, Nobel sought a smokeless powder for military purposes, and in 1887 he obtained a nearly smokeless blasting powder using nitroglycerine and nitrocellulose with 10 per cent camphor. Finally, a progressive, smokeless blasting powder was developed in 1896 at his San Remo laboratory.
    Nobel's interests went beyond explosives into other areas, such as electrochemistry, optics and biology; his patents amounted to 355 in various countries. However, it was the manufacture of explosives that made him a multimillionaire. At his death he left over £2 million, which he willed to funding awards "to those who during the preceding year, shall have conferred the greatest benefit on mankind".
    [br]
    Bibliography
    1875, On Modern Blasting Agents, Glasgow (his only book).
    Further Reading
    H.Schuck et al., 1962, Nobel, the Man and His Prizes, Amsterdam.
    E.Bergengren, 1962, Alfred Nobel, the Man and His Work, London and New York (includes a supplement on the prizes and the Nobel institution).
    LRD

    Biographical history of technology > Nobel, Alfred Bernhard

  • 13 государственный

    Государственный (о предприятии)
     Studsvik, a Swedish government-owned research and development company in the energy field, began experimenting with circulating fluidized bed combustion in 1975.

    Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > государственный

  • 14 tener su origen en

    to originate in
    * * *
    (v.) = trace to, trace back to, have + Posesivo + roots in, originate (from)
    Ex. Many people have traced the function of the catalog as included in the Paris Principles to Cutter's objectives.
    Ex. The problem of inadequate citation of conference papers can usually be traced back to authors of papers or books who cite conference papers they have heard or read by somewhat laconic statements of the name of the author/presenter of the paper.
    Ex. Swedish public libraries have their roots in the idea of voluntary education.
    Ex. Funding for advice centres can originate from any one of four government departments: the Department of Trade, the Home Office, the Lord Chancellor's Office and the Department of the Environment.
    * * *
    (v.) = trace to, trace back to, have + Posesivo + roots in, originate (from)

    Ex: Many people have traced the function of the catalog as included in the Paris Principles to Cutter's objectives.

    Ex: The problem of inadequate citation of conference papers can usually be traced back to authors of papers or books who cite conference papers they have heard or read by somewhat laconic statements of the name of the author/presenter of the paper.
    Ex: Swedish public libraries have their roots in the idea of voluntary education.
    Ex: Funding for advice centres can originate from any one of four government departments: the Department of Trade, the Home Office, the Lord Chancellor's Office and the Department of the Environment.

    Spanish-English dictionary > tener su origen en

  • 15 Johansson, Carl Edvard

    [br]
    b. 15 March 1864 Orebro, Sweden
    d. 30 September 1943 Eskilstuna, Sweden
    [br]
    Swedish metrologist and inventor of measuring-gauge blocks.
    [br]
    Carl Edvard Johansson was first apprenticed to a shoemaker, but he soon abandoned that career. In 1882 he went to America to join his brother Arvid working at a sawmill in the summer; in winter the brothers obtained further general education at the Gustavus Adolphus College at St Peter, Minnesota. They returned to Sweden in November 1884 and in the following year Carl obtained employment with a small engineering firm which rented a workshop in the government small-arms factory at Eskilstuna. In his spare time he attended the Eskilstuna Technical College and in 1888 he was accepted as an apprentice armourer inspector. After completion of his apprenticeship he was appointed an armourer inspector, and it was in his work of inspection that he realized that the large number of gauges then required could be reduced if several accurate gauges could be used in combination. This was in 1896, and the first set of gauges was made for use in the rifle factory. With these, any dimension between 1 mm and 201 mm could be made up to the nearest 0.01 mm, the gauges having flat polished surfaces that would adhere together by "wringing". Johansson obtained patents for the system from 1901, but it was not until c.1907 that the sets of gauges were marketed generally. Gauges were made in inch units for Britain and America—slightly different as the standards were not then identical. Johansson formed his own company to manufacture the gauges in 1910, but he did not give up his post in the rifle factory until 1914. By the 1920s Johansson gauges were established as the engineering dimensional standards for the whole world; the company also made other precision measuring instruments such as micrometers and extensometers. A new company, C.E.Johansson Inc., was set up in America for manufacture and sales, and the gauges were extensively used in the American automobile industry. Henry Ford took a special interest and Johansson spent several years in a post with the Ford Motor Company in Detroit, Michigan, until he returned to Sweden in 1936.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Honorary Doctorates, Gustavus Adolphus College, St Peter and Wayne University, Detroit. Swedish Engineering Society John Ericsson Gold Medal. American Society of Mechanical Engineers Gold Medal.
    Further Reading
    K.J.Hume, 1980, A History of Engineering Metrology, London, pp. 54–66 (a short biography).
    RTS

    Biographical history of technology > Johansson, Carl Edvard

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